precedent

PRES-i-dent /ˈprɛsɪdənt/
nounC1GRESATTOEFLIELTS
formallegal

An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.

In law, a legal precedent is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.

The story behind the word. The word 'precedent' comes from the Latin 'praecedentem,' meaning 'going before.' It's formed from 'prae-' (before) and 'cedere' (to go). So, a precedent is quite literally something that 'goes before' and thereby serves as an example or guide for what comes after, particularly in legal judgments.

Word relationships

  • example: More general; 'precedent' implies a guiding or authoritative example, especially in legal or formal contexts.
  • model: Something to be imitated, but 'precedent' carries a stronger implication of obligation or established practice.

Commonly confused with

  • president: A 'president' is a person in charge; a 'precedent' is a past example that serves as a guide.

Word family

  • precedential (adjective): Serving as a precedent or based on precedent.

Collocations

  • set a precedent
  • follow precedent
  • break precedent
  • binding precedent
  • legal precedent

Example sentences

  • "The judge's ruling set an important precedent for future cases involving digital privacy." In a legal context, referring to a past ruling.
  • "Her decision to work remotely set a new precedent for flexibility within the company." In a general context, referring to an earlier example.

Memory hook

Think of a 'PRE'vious 'EVENT' that 'SENT' a message for how to act next. PRE-CEDENT. Previous event sent.

When not to use

Do not confuse with 'president' (the head of a country or organization). While both involve leading, 'precedent' is about an earlier example, not a person.

Fun facts

  • The legal system based heavily on precedent is known as 'common law,' originating in England and adopted by many former British colonies, including the United States.
  • The principle of 'stare decisis' (Latin for 'to stand by things decided') is the legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar case.

Related words

judiciary, rule of law

LangBlitz
Take your vocabulary further with LangBlitz

Our English vocabulary app: FSRS spaced repetition, 5,000+ curated words across 119 topic groups, CEFR A1 to C2. Explore your mastery with the beautiful Vocabulary World feature.