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guerrilla

guh-RIL-uh /ɡəˈrɪlə/

nounadjectiveB2SATTOEFLIELTS

neutralformal

(Noun) A member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger regular forces. (Adjective) Relating to or denoting guerrilla warfare.

Refers to a specific type of irregular warfare characterized by small, mobile units using tactics like ambushes, raids, and sabotage against a larger, less mobile conventional army.

The story behind the word. The word 'guerrilla' comes directly from Spanish, where 'guerra' means 'war.' 'Guerrilla' is the diminutive form, literally meaning 'little war.' This term gained prominence during the Peninsular War (1808-1814), when Spanish and Portuguese irregulars fought against Napoleon's occupying forces, employing small-scale, hit-and-run tactics, hence 'little war' tactics.

Word relationships

insurgent: An insurgent is a rebel; a guerrilla is a type of insurgent who uses specific irregular warfare tactics.
partisan: A partisan is a strong supporter of a party or cause, often engaging in irregular warfare, similar to a guerrilla.

regular army: A formal, state-sponsored military force.
conventional forces: Military forces that adhere to established doctrines and tactics.

Commonly confused with

terrorist: Guerrillas typically target military/government forces; terrorists often target civilians to create fear. The lines can sometimes blur.

Collocations

guerrilla warfare
guerrilla fighters
guerrilla tactics
urban guerrilla

Example sentences

"The local guerrilla fighters, though outnumbered, effectively harassed the occupying army with hit-and-run tactics." Discussing historical resistance movements.
"Guerrilla warfare relies heavily on popular support, knowledge of the terrain, and the element of surprise." From a military strategy textbook.

Memory hook

Think of 'GUERRA' (Spanish for war) and 'little war' – guerrillas fight a 'little war' with small, agile groups. Little WAR

When not to use

Do not use 'guerrilla' to describe conventional soldiers or large, organized armies. It specifically refers to irregular, often civilian-based, fighters.

Fun facts

The term 'guerrilla' was originally an adjective in Spanish ('guerra de guerrilla' - 'war of little war') before becoming a noun in English to describe the fighters themselves.