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terrorism

TER-uh-riz-uhm /ˈtɛrərɪzəm/

nounC1GRESATTOEFLIELTS

formalneutral

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

Often implies a deliberate strategy to create widespread fear and panic to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals, distinguishing it from general criminal violence.

The story behind the word. The word 'terrorism' hails from the French 'terrorisme,' which itself emerged during the French Revolution's 'Reign of Terror' (1793-1794). It described the system of terror used by the government to suppress counter-revolutionaries. The root is the Latin 'terrere,' meaning 'to frighten' or 'to scare,' perfectly capturing the essence of its modern meaning: using fear as a weapon.

Word relationships

extremism: Extremism refers to holding extreme views; terrorism is the act of violence based on such views.
insurgency: Insurgency is a rebellion against authority; terrorism is a tactic that may be used within an insurgency.

peace: The absence of violence and conflict.
security: Freedom from danger or threat.

Commonly confused with

guerrilla warfare: Guerrilla warfare targets military or government forces; terrorism often targets civilians to create fear.

Word family

terrorist (noun/adjective): A person who uses terrorism; relating to terrorism.
terrorize (verb): To create and maintain a state of extreme fear in (someone).

Collocations

acts of terrorism
threat of terrorism
war on terrorism
state-sponsored terrorism

Example sentences

"The rise of non-state actors capable of orchestrating large-scale acts of terrorism has fundamentally reshaped international security paradigms." Discussing the global impact of non-state actors.
"The term 'terrorism' first gained widespread currency during the French Revolution's Reign of Terror, though its modern application is far broader." In a historical analysis of political violence.

Memory hook

Think of 'TERROR' being the core of 'TERRORISM.' It's about instilling terror in people. TERROR-ism = fear

When not to use

Do not use to describe general criminal acts or acts of war between recognized state actors, unless those acts specifically target civilians for political intimidation.

Fun facts

The original 'terrorists' were agents of the state during the French Revolution, a stark contrast to how the term is primarily used today to describe non-state actors.

Related words

counterterrorism, extremism

Explore more words

extremism, extortion, persecution, incitement, assault, atrocity