spineless
SPYN-lus
/ˈspaɪn.ləs/
Lacking resolve, strength of character, or courage; weak and easily influenced.
Metaphor based on lacking a physical backbone; emphasizes inability to stand up for oneself or hold moral ground.
The story behind the word. Originally a 19th-century zoological term describing animals lacking a spinal column (invertebrates) or plants without thorns. By the late 1800s, it acquired its figurative meaning of lacking 'backbone' or courage.
Word relationships
- gutless: 'Gutless' is harsh slang; 'spineless' is slightly more standard English focusing on weakness of resolve.
- weak-willed: 'Weak-willed' stresses lack of self-control, while 'spineless' emphasizes refusal to stand firm under pressure.
- backboned: 'Backboned' or 'stouthearted' means having strong character and determination.
- steely: 'Steely' implies unyielding firmness and cold determination.
Commonly confused with
- flawless: 'Flawless' means perfect without defects; 'spineless' means lacking courage or resolve.
Word family
- spinelessness (noun): The quality of lacking courage, conviction, or determination.
Collocations
- spineless politician
- spineless decision
- spineless behavior
- accuse someone of being spineless
Idioms & expressions
- have no backbone
Example sentences
- "The employees were furious at their spineless manager, who agreed with whichever executive had spoken last." Workplace Conflict
- "The publication called out the spineless compromise that sacrificed public safety for short-term profits." Editorial Opinion
Memory hook
Spineless = without a spine to hold you upright. No spine = cannot stand up for yourself.
When not to use
Do not use in formal scientific contexts unless literally describing invertebrates or botanical specimens without thorns.
Fun facts
- Cactus breeders actually cultivate literally 'spineless' prickly pears so livestock can eat them without injury!
Related words
Take your vocabulary further with LangBlitz
Our English vocabulary app: FSRS spaced repetition, 5,000+ curated words across 119 topic groups, CEFR A1 to C2. Explore your mastery with the beautiful Vocabulary World feature.