fundamentalism
fun-duh-MEN-tuhl-iz-um
/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl.ɪ.zəm/
A strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles, particularly religious doctrines.
Implies an unyielding return to foundational texts or core beliefs, often in reaction to modernizing influences.
The story behind the word. Coined in the early 20th century in the United States, the term originally referred to a series of essays titled 'The Fundamentals' (1910–1915) published to defend core Christian doctrines against modern liberal theology. It later expanded to describe any movement demanding strict adherence to foundational tenets.
Word relationships
- literalism: Focuses strictly on the word-for-word interpretation of texts.
- dogmatism: Emphasizes arrogant assertion of opinion rather than foundational text devotion.
- liberalism: Emphasizes flexibility, progress, and openness to individual interpretation.
- pragmatism: Prioritizes practical results over adherence to foundational principles.
Commonly confused with
- fanaticism: Fundamentalism is structural and text-focused; fanaticism is characterized by emotional wildness and irrational energy.
Word family
- fundamentalist (noun): A person who adheres strictly to fundamental principles.
- fundamental (adjective): Forming a necessary base or core; central.
Collocations
- religious fundamentalism
- market fundamentalism
- rise of fundamentalism
Example sentences
- "The growth of religious fundamentalism across the globe often reflects a resistance to rapid globalization and social change." Sociological analysis of modern movements
- "Political fundamentalism can emerge when a party refuses any compromise on its core manifesto." Political science discourse
Memory hook
Think of building on a solid FUNDAMENT (foundation) and refusing to alter a single brick. Back to the absolute basics.
When not to use
Do not use merely to describe strong enthusiasm; it specifically denotes strict textual or structural literalism.
Fun facts
- The term 'market fundamentalism' was popularized by financier George Soros to criticize unwavering faith in unregulated free markets.
Related words
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