fundamentalism
fun-duh-MEN-tuhl-iz-um
/ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəlɪzəm/
A form of a religion or ideology that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scriptures or foundational doctrines.
Emphasizes absolute literalism and return to perceived original core truths, often in reaction against modern secularism.
The story behind the word. Coined in early 20th-century America from a series of essays titled 'The Fundamentals' (1910–1915), which asserted fundamental Christian doctrines against modern liberal theology. Derived from Latin 'fundamentum' (foundation), it originally described conservative Protestants defending biblical inerrancy before expanding to describe literalist movements worldwide.
Word relationships
- dogmatism: Focuses on unyielding adherence to rules, whereas fundamentalism specifically emphasizes literal scriptural foundations.
- literalism: Taking texts in their exact word-for-word sense without metaphor.
- liberalism: Flexibility and willingness to re-interpret texts in light of modern contexts.
- modernism: Adapting traditional beliefs to contemporary culture and scientific understanding.
Commonly confused with
- fanaticism: Fanaticism is wild, uncritical enthusiasm; fundamentalism is strict adherence to core literal texts.
Word family
- fundamentalist (noun): A person who adheres strictly to fundamental principles.
- fundamentalist (adjective): Relating to or advocating fundamentalism.
Collocations
- religious fundamentalism
- rise of fundamentalism
- market fundamentalism
- literalist fundamentalism
Example sentences
- "Religious fundamentalism often arises as a reactionary movement against rapid social change and modern secularism." Sociological commentary
Memory hook
FUN-da-MENTAL-ism = clinging to the MENTAL base or FOUNDATION of a belief. Fundamentalism = strict adherence to core foundations.
When not to use
Avoid using casually as a slur for any conservative religious person; it specifically denotes strict literalism and militant reaction against modernism.
Fun facts
- Although coined for American Protestantism, sociologists now use 'fundamentalism' to describe market fundamentalism, constitutional literalism, and non-religious ideologies.
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