profiling

PROH-fy-ling /ˈproʊfaɪlɪŋ/
nounC1TOEFL
formaltechnical

The recording and analysis of a person's psychological and behavioral characteristics, typically in order to assess their suitability for a particular role or to identify a category of person.

Often refers to creating a 'profile' of a typical offender or suspect based on observed characteristics, which can be controversial if based on discriminatory factors (e.g., racial profiling).

The story behind the word. The word 'profile' comes from the Italian 'profilo,' meaning 'outline,' which itself is derived from 'profilare,' meaning 'to draw in outline.' This refers to drawing a person's side view. Over time, the meaning expanded from a visual outline to a descriptive outline of characteristics, leading to 'profiling' as a method of analysis.

Word relationships

  • categorization: Broader, simply placing into categories, without the specific analytical or predictive intent of profiling.
  • characterization: Describing the distinctive nature or features of someone or something.
  • assessment: Evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.

Word family

  • profile (noun): An outline of something, especially a person's head or face, as seen from one side; a short biographical sketch; a set of data representing the characteristics of a person or type.
  • profile (verb): To represent in profile; to describe or analyze a person or group's characteristics.

Collocations

  • racial profiling
  • criminal profiling
  • behavioral profiling
  • geographic profiling
  • predictive profiling

Example sentences

  • "Behavioral profiling is a technique used by law enforcement to identify likely suspects and provide insights into their motives and habits." In criminal investigations.
  • "The practice of racial profiling by airport security has faced widespread criticism for its discriminatory nature." Discussing ethical concerns.

Memory hook

Think of a 'PRO-FILE' of documents that describe a person's characteristics for profiling. Pro-File-Outline

When not to use

Avoid using 'profiling' for simple identification. It implies a deeper analysis of characteristics to predict behavior or categorize individuals.

Fun facts

  • The term 'criminal profiling' gained public attention through FBI investigations and popular culture, often associated with serial killer cases.
  • Data profiling is a related concept in computer science, where data sets are analyzed to create a profile of their characteristics.
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