metabolism

muh-TAB-uh-liz-um /məˈtæb.ə.lɪz.əm/
nounB2IELTSTOEFLGRE
neutralscientific

The organic and chemical processes in an organism that are necessary to maintain life, converting food into energy and cellular building blocks.

Refers to the entire complex of physical and chemical reactions within a living body, though casually used to mean 'rate of burning calories'.

The story behind the word. Derived from Greek 'metabole', meaning 'change' or 'overthrow' (from 'meta-' meaning 'over' and 'ballein' meaning 'to throw'). German biologist Theodor Schwann adapted it into modern biology in the 1830s to describe the continuous chemical changes occurring within living tissues.

Word relationships

  • bioenergetics: Bioenergetics specifically studies energy flow through living systems, whereas metabolism encompasses both energy production and structural synthesis.

Commonly confused with

  • digestion: Digestion is merely the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food in the gut, whereas metabolism happens inside cells throughout the entire body.

Word family

  • metabolic (adjective): Relating to or caused by metabolism.
  • metabolize (verb): To break down or process substances chemically in a living body.

Collocations

  • basal metabolism
  • slow metabolism
  • boost metabolism
  • metabolic rate

Example sentences

  • "Thyroid hormones play a central role in regulating basal metabolism and cellular respiration." Medical physiology
  • "Regular resistance training helps elevate resting metabolism by increasing lean muscle mass." Fitness discussion

Memory hook

Meta-CHANGE-ism: Your body THROWS (ballein) food into a chemical forge to CHANGE it into pure energy. Metabole = Change into energy

When not to use

Do not use to describe emotional states or mental quickness; it strictly concerns physiological bioenergetics.

Fun facts

  • Hummingbirds have the fastest metabolism of any warm-blooded animal; their hearts beat up to 1,200 times per minute to support it.
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