calorie

KAL-uh-ree /ˈkæl.ə.ri/
nounB1IELTSTOEFL
neutraltechnical

A unit of energy used to express the energy value of foods, equal to the heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius.

In casual contexts, 'calorie' usually refers to the kilocalorie (kcal) found on food labels rather than the smaller scientific calorie.

The story behind the word. Coined in 1824 by French chemist Nicolas Clément as a unit of heat energy, 'calorie' comes directly from Latin 'calor', meaning 'heat'. It entered dietary science in the late 19th century when Wilbur Atwater adapted it to measure the thermal potential contained in metabolizing human food.

Word relationships

  • energy unit: 'Energy unit' is a broader category term, whereas calorie is a specific measurement unit.

Commonly confused with

  • macronutrient: A calorie is a unit measuring energy content, whereas a macronutrient is a chemical compound (protein, fat, carbohydrate) that contains those calories.

Word family

  • caloric (adjective): Relating to energy content or heat value.
  • calorically (adverb): In terms of calorie content.

Collocations

  • calorie deficit
  • calorie surplus
  • calorie intake
  • burn calories

Example sentences

  • "A calorie is a unit of heat or energy, and it may be defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree centigrade." Scientific literature (Wilbur Olin Atwater, 'The Chemical Composition of American Food Materials', 1899)
  • "Tracking calorie intake helps individuals determine whether they are consuming sufficient energy for daily activities." Nutritional planning

Memory hook

Think of a 'calorie' as the 'heat' (calor) your body burns like fuel in an engine. Calor = Heat = Energy

When not to use

Do not confuse with general physical energy or feeling energetic; it specifically measures thermal potential energy in food.

Fun facts

  • What we call a 'calorie' on food nutritional labels is actually a kilocalorie (1,000 scientific calories), enough heat to raise 1kg of water by 1°C.
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