Burlesque

bur-LESK /bɜːrˈlɛsk/
nounadjectiveverbC2GRE
literaryhistorical

(n) An absurd or comically exaggerated imitation of something, especially in a literary or dramatic work; a variety show, typically involving striptease. (adj) Relating to or involving burlesque. (v) To make a burlesque of (something).

As a literary term, burlesque involves a highly exaggerated, often grotesque, imitation, frequently treating a serious subject frivolously or a trivial subject with mock seriousness. As a performance art, it evolved into a form of variety show known for its risqué humor and striptease.

The story behind the word. The word 'burlesque' comes from the Italian 'burlesco', meaning 'jocose' or 'mocking'. This, in turn, derives from 'burla', which means 'a joke' or 'jest'. The term was first applied to literary works that treated serious subjects with levity or trivial subjects with mock seriousness, highlighting its playful and often absurd nature.

Word relationships

  • Parody: Burlesque is often a more exaggerated and absurd form of imitation, sometimes focusing on lower humor; parody can be more refined and intellectual.
  • Travesty: Travesty often implies a debased or grotesque imitation, with a strong sense of injustice or mockery; burlesque can be purely for comic effect.
  • Farce: Farce is a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay; burlesque is an imitation of a style or work, often with farcical elements.
  • Tragedy: Burlesque often treats serious subjects trivially; tragedy treats serious subjects with gravity.
  • Serious drama: Burlesque is comedic and exaggerated; serious drama is realistic and earnest.

Commonly confused with

  • Satire: Burlesque is a specific type of exaggerated imitation for comic effect, often focusing on style; satire is a broader form of criticism using various techniques, including burlesque.

Word family

  • burlesquer (noun): one who performs or writes burlesque

Collocations

  • literary burlesque
  • musical burlesque
  • comic burlesque
  • burlesque show
  • neo-burlesque

Example sentences

  • "The novel was a clever burlesque of epic poetry, taking grand themes and reducing them to absurd domestic squabbles." Discussing a literary genre.
  • "The old theater used to host lively burlesque shows, featuring comedic skits and dazzling costumes alongside the striptease acts." Referring to a type of performance.

Memory hook

Think of a 'BUR-LESS-QUE' (burger-less queue) where people are comically waiting for something trivial, making a serious situation absurd. Burger-less queue absurdity

When not to use

Be careful with the noun 'burlesque' as its meaning can vary significantly between literary criticism (exaggerated imitation) and performance art (striptease show). Context is key.

Fun facts

  • The literary form of burlesque was popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, with examples like Alexander Pope's 'The Rape of the Lock'.
  • The performance art of burlesque experienced a revival in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, often called 'neo-burlesque', which emphasizes artistic expression and body positivity.

Related words

Parody, Exaggeration, Lampoon

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