reciprocate
rih-SIP-ruh-kayt
/rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt/
To respond to a gesture, action, or feeling by making a corresponding one.
Implies a mutual exchange where the second action matches the nature, warmth, or value of the first.
The story behind the word. The Latin word 'reciprocus' was formed by combining 're-' (back) and 'pro-' (forward). It originally described the motion of the tides—flowing backward and forward in a continuous, balanced cycle. By the 16th century, English speakers adopted the word to describe social interactions that mimic this natural, balanced back-and-forth flow.
Word relationships
- requite: 'Requite' is highly literary and often associated with returning love ('unrequited love') or seeking revenge, whereas 'reciprocate' is used for everyday social actions.
- return: 'Return' is a simpler, more common word that can apply to physical objects, while 'reciprocate' specifically refers to actions, favors, or feelings.
- ignore: 'Ignore' means to pay no attention to a gesture or favor.
- withhold: 'Withhold' means to refuse to give a return gesture or feeling.
Commonly confused with
- retaliate: 'Retaliate' is strictly used for returning a negative or harmful action (an eye for an eye), while 'reciprocate' is almost always positive or neutral.
Word family
- reciprocity (noun): The practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit.
- reciprocal (adjective): Given, felt, or done in return.
Collocations
- reciprocate a favor
- reciprocate feelings
- reciprocate kindness
- fail to reciprocate
Example sentences
- "If someone does you a favor, it is polite to reciprocate when they need help." Social etiquette and returning favors.
Memory hook
Reciprocate sounds like 'receipt pro-gate'. You get a receipt when you give back at the gate. Reciprocate is to receive and locate a way to give back.
When not to use
Do not use when the return action is hostile or retaliatory; use 'retaliate' or 'avenge' instead.
Fun facts
- In mechanical engineering, a 'reciprocating engine' (like the pistons in a car) is one that moves back and forth in a straight line, preserving the original Latin tidal metaphor.
Explore more words
reciprocal, reciprocity, Interact, requital, retaliate, lend
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