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ideology

eye-dee-OL-uh-jee /ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi/

nounB2GRESATTOEFLIELTS

formalacademic

A comprehensive system of ideas, beliefs, and values that forms the basis of economic, political, or social theory and policy.

Describes an overarching theoretical lens that shapes how a group views society and directs its goals.

The story behind the word. French philosopher Antoine Destutt de Tracy coined 'idéologie' in 1796 during the French Revolution to mean 'the science of ideas'. Napoleon Bonaparte later used the term mockingly to attack philosophers he considered unpractical dreamers, giving the word its permanent association with rigid doctrine.

Word relationships

worldview: 'Worldview' is personal and existential; 'ideology' is structured, political, and action-oriented.
creed: 'Creed' refers specifically to formal religious or ethical statements of faith.

pragmatism: An approach that assesses actions based on practical consequences rather than set theories.

Commonly confused with

dogma: Ideology is the broad system of ideas; dogma is the set of rigid, non-negotiable rules enforced within that system.

Word family

ideological (adjective): Based on or relating to a particular ideology.
ideologue (noun): An uncompromising adherent to a particular ideology.

Collocations

dominant ideology
political ideology
rigid ideology
ideology of growth

Example sentences

"Cold War geopolitics was largely defined by a global clash between capitalist and communist ideology." Political philosophy
"Critics argued that consumerism had become the dominant ideology of modern suburban life." Sociology of culture

Memory hook

IDEOLOGY is the LOGIC of IDEAS that drives political movements. A system of ideas shaping policy.

When not to use

Do not use for a single, isolated opinion or personal preference.

Fun facts

Karl Marx famously expanded the concept of ideology, calling it 'false consciousness' created by ruling classes to justify their power.