genome
JEE-nohm
/ˈdʒiːnoʊm/
The complete set of genetic material (DNA or RNA) present in a cell or organism; an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.
Encompasses all the genetic information, both coding (genes) and non-coding regions, within an organism.
The story behind the word. The term 'genome' was first used in 1920 by Hans Winkler, a German botanist, who ingeniously combined the words 'gene' and 'chromosome.' He intended it to describe the complete set of chromosomes and the genes they contain, essentially the entire genetic blueprint of an organism, much like a complete 'ome' or collection of genes.
Word relationships
- genetic blueprint: Figurative, emphasizes its comprehensive informational role.
- complete genetic code: More descriptive and explicit.
Commonly confused with
- gene: A 'gene' is a specific functional unit within the 'genome,' which is the entire collection.
Word family
- genomic (adjective): Relating to a genome.
- genomics (noun): The branch of molecular biology concerned with the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes.
Collocations
- human genome
- sequencing the genome
- genome project
- genome editing
Example sentences
- "Mapping the human genome was a monumental scientific undertaking, revealing the entire genetic instruction book for our species." Referring to the entire genetic code.
- "Advances in sequencing technology now allow scientists to quickly analyze the genome of various organisms, from bacteria to complex plants." Discussing genetic research.
Memory hook
Think of a 'genome' as the 'GENE-omelette' – a complete mix of all genes! All genes.
When not to use
'Genome' refers to the entire collection of genetic material, while 'gene' is a specific segment within it. Do not use them interchangeably.
Fun facts
- The smallest known bacterial genome has only about 160 genes, while the largest plant genome can be over 100 billion base pairs.
- Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes have been sequenced from ancient bone fragments, providing insights into human evolution.
Related words
Explore more words
Take your vocabulary further with LangBlitz
Our English vocabulary app: FSRS spaced repetition, 5,000+ curated words across 119 topic groups, CEFR A1 to C2. Explore your mastery with the beautiful Vocabulary World feature.