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provision

pruh-VIZH-uhn /prəˈvɪʒən/

nounverbB2GRETOEFLIELTS

NeutralFormal

The providing or supplying of something, especially food, drink, or equipment, for a journey or emergency.

As a noun, 'provisions' (usually plural) refers specifically to the actual supplies of food and water gathered beforehand.

The story behind the word. Rooted in the Latin 'provisio', meaning 'a foreseeing' or 'preparation', which comes from 'providere' ('pro-' meaning ahead + 'videre' meaning to see). It originally meant looking ahead to prepare for future needs, which naturally evolved into the physical act of gathering food and supplies for a long journey.

Word relationships

supplies: Supplies is a broad term for any materials needed for a task, while provisions specifically emphasizes food, water, and basic life-sustaining items.
rations: Rations are strictly measured, fixed portions of food distributed during a shortage or military operation, whereas provisions can be any gathered food supplies.

Commonly confused with

providence: Providence refers to protective care or timely preparation (often divine), while provision refers to the actual physical supplies or act of supplying.

Word family

provisions (noun): Food and supplies (plural form).
provisioned (verb): Supplied with food and equipment.
provisioning (noun): The act of supplying or preparing food and equipment.

Collocations

emergency provisions
pack provisions
ample provisions
provisioning the expedition

Example sentences

"They had no instruments with which to navigate, save for a single compass, and their provisions were nearly exhausted." A historical maritime log (Nathaniel Philbrick, In the Heart of the Sea)
"Before heading into the desert, ensure you have packed adequate provisions, including at least one gallon of water per person per day." An outdoor survival guide

Memory hook

Think of 'pro-vision'—you must have the 'vision' to plan 'pro'-actively and pack your food before you go. Having the foresight ('vision') to pack what you need beforehand.

When not to use

Do not use to describe random, unplanned items or luxury goods that are not essential for survival or a journey.

Fun facts

In the age of sail, ship provisions often included 'hardtack'—a rock-hard biscuit made of flour and water that could last for years without spoiling, though sailors often had to tap it on the table to knock the weevils out before eating.