public domain

PUB-lik doh-MAYN /ˌpʌblɪk dəˈmeɪn/
noun phraseB2TOEFLIELTS
formallegalgeneral

The state of belonging or being available to the public as a whole, and therefore not subject to copyright.

Works enter the public domain when their copyright expires, if they were never copyrighted, or if the copyright holder explicitly dedicates them to the public domain. They can be freely used by anyone for any purpose.

The story behind the word. This term is a straightforward combination of 'public' (from Latin `publicus`, 'of the people') and 'domain' (from Latin `dominium`, 'ownership, right of ownership'). It literally means 'the realm of public ownership.' The concept gained prominence as copyright laws developed, defining what works were freely available to everyone.

Word relationships

  • common property: A more general term for something owned by everyone, not specifically referring to intellectual works free of copyright.
  • unrestricted access: Describes the availability, but 'public domain' specifies the legal status regarding copyright.
  • copyrighted: Protected by copyright law.
  • proprietary: Owned and controlled by a specific entity, often with restricted access.

Collocations

  • enter public domain
  • in the public domain
  • public domain works

Example sentences

  • "Shakespeare's plays are in the public domain, allowing anyone to perform or adapt them without seeking permission." Using classic literature freely.
  • "After the copyright expires, a work enters the public domain, becoming a shared cultural resource." Understanding copyright expiration.

Memory hook

It's the `domain` (area) that is `public` (for everyone) to use freely. Everyone's domain.

When not to use

For works that are simply widely available but still under copyright (e.g., a popular song on YouTube is not necessarily in the public domain).

Fun facts

  • The length of copyright protection varies by country, but generally, works enter the public domain 50 to 70 years after the creator's death.
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